Ann C. Crouter, Ph.D.
Ph. D., Cornell University, 1982
Professor of Human Development
Dean, College of Health and Human Development
Contact Information
201 Henderson
Pennsylvania State University
University Park, PA 16802
(814) 865-1420
Research
How do people's experiences at work affect their health, well-being, psychological development, family relationships? How does it affect their parenting and the health, well-being, and development of their children? How does family life make its mark on people when they go to work? These questions weave their way through my research projects, all of which examine work and family in different populations and points of the life-span. My research falls into three domains:
- Research on youth growing up in dual-earner families (Penn State Family Relationships Project, with Susan McHale)
- Research on parents in low-income jobs who are raising very young children (Family Life Project with Penn State and UNC collaborators)
- Industry-specific research on the work-family interface in the hotel industry (Penn State Hotel Initiative, with an interdisciplinary team of faculty and graduate students at Penn State)
Family Relationships Research Website
With Susan McHale, I co-direct the Penn State Family Relationships Project, an NICHD-funded longitudinal study of gender socialization in dual-earner families. We began the study when the two oldest children in each participating family were about ages 10 and 8 and followed families until the eldest child completed high school. Paying equal attention to mothers and fathers and studying two children in each family enables us to make comparisons not only between different families (e.g., boys vs. girls) but also within them (brothers vs. sisters; mothers vs. fathers). My approach to our data is to compare the unfolding gender-related experiences, attitudes, and competencies of sons versus daughters in families that vary as a function of mothers' and fathers' gender-related attitudes and their work and family roles.
The Family Relationships project now includes two "sister studies" with similar designs and goals and foci on specific racial and ethnic groups.
- Susan McHale, Linda Burton, Dena Swanson, and I recently completed data collection for a longitudinal study of gender socialization in two-parent, African-American families raising adolescents. This new study has expanded my interests to include such important issues as workplace discrimination and racial socialization in the family. This three-year longitudinal study, like our other project, is designed to make within-family comparisons of mothers and fathers and sisters and brothers.
- I participate in a team of researchers, led by Kim Updegraff (Arizona State University), that is studying gender socialization in a sample of 240 Mexican-American families raising adolescents in the Phoenix, Arizona area. The Juntos (“together”) Project includes measures that are specific to Mexican-American culture so that we can learn more about the relationship between cultural factors and gender development in this population. We have submitted a competing renewal and hope to follow this sample into young adulthood!
Family Life Project
My work-family interests have also expanded to focus on parents in low-income jobs. I am part of a large collaborative program project by researchers at Penn State and the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill to examine the development of rural children's competence. This interdisciplinary team, led by Lynne Vernon Feagans at UNC, has identified almost 1300 families with newborns in rural counties in Pennsylvania and North Carolina and is following them intensively over three years, using a variety of observational, interview, and ethnographic methods. My part of the project focuses on the employment circumstances of parents in rural areas and traces the linkages between employment conditions, the quality of parenting, and children's unfolding social, emotional, cognitive, and linguistic competence. For me, it is an exciting opportunity to learn more about shift work, underemployment, and other possible work stressors that low-income mothers and fathers often juggle along with raising a young child.
Penn State Hotel Initiative
I am co-direct an interdisciplinary team of scholars interested in the work-family interface in the hotel industry. The goal of these studies is to produce data that will help the hotel industry design innovative policies and programs that will help managers and employees better manage the work-family interface. We have two grants, both of which began in 2005. John O’Neill (School of Hospitality Management) and I are co-direct a study funded by the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation to learn about what it is like to work in this fast-paced industry with a 24/7 schedule. We are collecting a variety of data, including interviews with top executives and hotel general managers, telephone surveys with departmental managers and their spouses, and a daily diary study of departmental managers and their spouses that examines, in a more detailed way, what daily life is like on the job and how daily experiences predict mood, physical health, and relationship experiences. David Almeida (HDFS) and I co-direct a study funded by NICHD, part of the Work, Family, and Health Network. We are one of 6 centers working together to develop a workplace intervention to improve the health and well-being of employees and their families, as well as the economic health of work organizations. The Network includes colleagues at the University of Minnesota, Portland State University, Michigan State University, Harvard University, Research Triangle Institute (RTI), and the Center for Health Research at Kaiser Permante. NIH support enables us to add the collection and assaying of salivary cortisol (a stress hormone) to the hotel project and to conduct a parallel study of hourly employees and their children. Our faculty colleagues include Jan Cleveland (I/O Psychology), Laura Klein (BioBehavioral Health), and Susan McHale (HDFS), as well as graduate students from four departments.
Education
- Stanford University, B.A., 1976, Psychology/English
- Cornell University, Ph.D., 1982, Human Development and Family Studies
Research and Professional Experience
- 1993- : Professor of Human Development, The Pennsylvania State University
- 1987-93: Associate Professor of Human Development, The Pennsylvania State University
- 1981-87: Assistant Professor of Human Development, The Pennsylvania State University
Honors
- 1984-87: Kellogg Foundation National Fellowship
- 1999: President's Award for Excellence in Academic Integration of Research, Teaching, and Service, The Pennsylvania State University
- 2004: Evan G. and Helen G. Pattishall Outstanding Research Achievement Award, College of Health and Human Development, Penn State University
- 2006: Faculty Scholar Medal for Excellence in the Social and Behavioral Sciences, Penn State University
Selected Publications
- Crouter, A. C. (1984). Spillover from family to work: The neglected side of the work-family interface. Human Relations, 37(6), 425-442.
- Crouter, A. C. (1984). Participative work as an influence on human development. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, 5(1), 71-90.
- Schulenberg, J. E., Vondracek, F. W., & Crouter, A. C. (1984). The influence of the family on vocational development. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 46(1), 129-143.
- Crouter, A. C., & Perry-Jenkins, M. (1986). Working it out: Effects of parental work on parents and children. In M. W. Yogman & T. B. Brazelton (Eds.), In support of families (pp. 93-108). Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
- Crouter, A. C., Perry-Jenkins, M., Huston, T. L., & McHale, S. M. (1987). Processes underlying father involvement in dual-earner and single-earner families. Developmental Psychology, 23(3), 431-440.
- Crouter, A. C., Perry-Jenkins, M., Huston, T. L., & Crawford, D. (1989). The influence of work-induced psychological states on behavior at home. Basic and Applied Social Psychology, 10(3), 273-292.
- Crouter, A. C., & Crowley, M. S. (1990). School-age children's time alone with fathers in single- and dual-earner families: Implications for the father-child relationship. Journal of Early Adolescence, 10, 296-312.
- Crouter, A. C., MacDermid, S., McHale, S. M., & Perry-Jenkins, M. (1990). Parental monitoring and perceptions of children's school performance and conduct in dual- and single-earner families. Developmental Psychology, 26, 649-657.
- McHale, S. M., Bartko, W. T., Crouter, A. C., & Perry-Jenkins, M. (1990). Children's housework and psychosocial functioning: The mediating effects of parents' sex role behaviors and attitudes. Child Development, 61, 1413-1426.
- McHale, S. M., & Crouter, A. C. (1992). You can't always get what you want: Congruence between sex role attitudes and family work roles and its implications for marriage. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 54, 537-547.
- Crouter, A. C., & McHale, S. M. (1993). The long arm of the job: Influences of parental work on child-rearing. In T. Luster & L. Okagaki (Eds.), Parenting: An ecological perspective. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
- Crouter, A. C., & McHale, S. M. (1993). Temporal rhythms in family life: Seasonal variation in the relation between parental work and family process. Developmental Psychology, 29(2),198-205.
- Crouter, A. C., McHale, S. M., & Bartko, W. T. (1993). Gender as an organizing feature in parent-child relationships. Journal of Social Issues, 49, 161-174.
- Crouter, A. C. (1994). Processes linking families and work: Implications for behavior and development in both settings. In R. Parke & S. Kellam (Eds.), Exploring family relationships with other social contexts (Advances in family research, Vol. 4). New York: Erlbaum.
- Crouter, A., Manke, B., & McHale, S. M. (1995). The family context of gender intensification in early adolescence. Child Development, 66, 317-329.
- McHale, S. M., Crouter, A. C., & Updegraff, K. (1995). Congruence between mothers' and fathers' differential treatment of siblings: Links with family relations and children's well-being. Child Development.
- Updegraff, K. A., McHale, S. M., & Crouter, A. C. (1996). Gender roles in marriage: What do they mean for girls' and boys' school achievement? Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 25,73-88.
- Booth, A., Crouter, A., & Landale, N. (Eds.). (1997). Immigration and the family: Research and policy in U.S. Immigrants. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
- Crouter, A. C., & Helms-Erikson, H. (1997). Work and family from a dyadic perspective: Variations in inequality. In S. Duck (Ed.), Handbook of personal relationships. New York: John Wiley.
- Crouter, A. C., & Manke, B. (1997). Development of a typology of dual-earner families: A window into differences between and within families in relationships, roles, and activities. Journal of Family Psychology, 11(1), 62-75.
- Booth, A., & Crouter, A. C. (Eds.). (1998). Men in families: When do they get involved? What differences does it make? Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
- Crouter, A. C., & Larson, R. (Eds.). (1998). Temporal rhythms in adolescence: Clocks, calendars, and the coordination of daily life. (New Directions in Child Development Monograph). San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.
- Crouter, A. C., & Maguire, M. (1998). Seasonal and weekly rhythms: Windows into variability in family socialization experiences in early adolescence. In R. Larson & A. C. Crouter (Eds.), Temporal rhythms adolescence: Clocks, calendars, and the coordination of daily life (New Directions in Child Development Monograph). San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.
- Booth, A., Crouter, A. C., & Shanahan, M. (Eds.). (1999). Transitions to adulthood in a changing economy: No work, no family, no future? Westport, CT: Greenwood Press.
- Bumpus, M. F., Crouter, A. C., & McHale, S. M. (1999). Work demands of dual-earner couples: Implications for parents' knowledge about children's daily lives in middle childhood. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 61, 465-475.
- Crouter, A. C., Bumpus, M. F., Maguire, M. C., & McHale, S. M. (1999). Linking parents' work pressure to adolescents' well-being: Insights to dynamics in dual-earner families. Developmental Psychology, 35, 1453-1461.
- Crouter, A. C., Helms-Erikson, H., Updegraff, K., & McHale, S. M. (1999). Conditions underlying parents' knowledge about children's daily lives in middle childhood: Between- and within-family comparisons. Child Development, 70, 246-259.
- Crouter, A. C., McHale, S. M., & Tucker, C. J. (1999). Does stress exacerbate parental differential treatment of siblings? Journal of Family Psychology, 13, 286-299.
- McHale, S. M, Crouter, A. C., & Tucker, C. J. (1999). Family context and gender socialization in middle childhood: Comparing girls to boys and sisters to brothers. Child Development, 70, 990-1004.
- Tucker, C. J., Updegraff, K. A., McHale, S. M., & Crouter, A. C. (1999). Older siblings as socializers of empathy. Journal of Early Adolescence, 19(2), 176-198.
- Helms-Erikson, H., Tanner, J. L., Crouter, A. C., & McHale, S. M. (2000). Do women's provider-role attitudes moderate the links between work and family? Journal of Family Psychology, 14, 658-670.
- McHale, S. M., Updegraff, K. A., Tucker, C. J., & Crouter, A. C. (2000). Step in or Stay out? Parents' roles in adolescent siblings' relationships. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 62, 746-760.
- Perry-Jenkins, M., Repetti, R. L., & Crouter, A. C. (2000). Work and family in the 1990s. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 62, 981-998.
- Booth, A., Crouter, A. C., & Clements, M. L. (Eds.). (2001). Couples in conflict. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
- Booth, A., & Crouter, A. C. (Eds.). (2001). Does it take a village? Community effects on children, adolescents, and families. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
- Bumpus, M. F., Crouter, A. C., & McHale, S. M. (2001). Parental autonomy-granting during adolescence: Exploring gender differences in context. Developmental Psychology, 37, 163-173.
- Crouter, A. C., & Bumpus, M. F. (2001). Linking parents' work stress to child and adolescent psychological adjustment. Current Directions in Psychological Science. 10, 156-159.
- Crouter, A. C., Head, M. R., Bumpus, M. F., & McHale, S. M. (2001). Household chores: Under what conditions do mothers lean on daughters? Chapter 2 (pps. 23-41) in A. Fuligni (Ed.), Family assistance and obligation during adolescence. (New Directions in Child Development Monograph). San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.
- Crouter, A. C., Bumpus, M. F., Head, M. R., & McHale, S. M. (2001). Implications of overwork and overload for the quality of men's family relationships. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 63, 404-416.
- McHale, S. M., Crouter, A. C., & Tucker, C. J. (2001). Free-Time activities in middle childhood: Links with adjustment in early adolescence. Child Development, 72, 1764-1778.
- McHale, S. M., Updegraff, K. A., Helms-Erikson, H., & Crouter, A. C. (2001). Sibling influences on gender development in middle childhood and early adolescence: A longitudinal study. Developmental Psychology, 37, 115-125.
- Klute, M. M., Crouter, A. C., Sayer, A. G., & McHale, S. M. (2002). Occupational self-direction, values, and egalitarian relationships: A study of dual-earner families. Journal of Marriage and Family, 64, 139-151.
- Crouter, A. C., & Head, M. R. (2002). Parental monitoring and knowledge of children. Chapter in M. Bornstein (Ed.), Handbook on parenting (2nd ed.). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
- Booth, A., & Crouter, A. C. (Eds.). (2002). Just living together: Implications of cohabitation for children, families, and social policy. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
- Whiteman, S. D., McHale, S.M., & Crouter, A. C. (2003). What parents learn from experience: The first child as a first draft? Journal of Marriage and the Family, 65, 608-621.
- McHale, S. M., Crouter, A. C.& Whiteman, S. D. (2003). The family contexts of gender development in childhood and adolescence. Social Development, 12, 125-148.
- McHale, S. M., & Crouter, A. C. (2003). How do children exert an impact on family life? In A. C. Crouter & A. Booth (Eds.). Children's influence on family dynamics: The neglected side of family relationships. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
- Booth, A., Johnson, D. R., Granger, D. A., Crouter, A. C., & McHale, S.M. (2003). Testosterone and child and adolescent adjustment: The moderating role of parent-child relationships. Developmental Psychology, 39, 85-98.
- McHale, S. M., Shanahan, L., Updegraff, K. A., Crouter, A. C., & Booth, A. (2004). Developmental and individual differences in girls' sex-typed activities in middle childhood and adolescence. Child Development, 75, 1575-1593.
- McHale, S. M., Kim, J.-Y., Whiteman, S., & Crouter, A. C. (2004). Links between sex-typed time use in middle childhood and gender development in early adolescence. Developmental Psychology, 40, 868-881.
- Fortner, M. R., Crouter, A. C., & McHale, S. M. (2004). Is parents' work involvement responsive to the quality of relationships with adolescent offspring? Journal of Family Psychology, 18, 530-538.
- Crouter, A. C., Tucker, C. J., Head, M. R., & McHale, S. M. (2004). Family time and the psychosocial adjustment of adolescent siblings and their parents. Journal of Marriage and Family, 66, 147-162.
- Crouter, A. C., & Booth, A. (Eds.) (2004). Work-Family challenges for low-income parents and their children. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
- Crouter, A. C., & McHale, S. M. (2005). Work, family, and children's time: Implications for youth. Chapter in S. Bianchi, L. Casper, & R. B. King (Eds.). Work, Family, Health, and Well-Being. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
- Crouter, A. C., Bumpus, M. F., Davis, K. D., & McHale, S. M. (2005). How do parents learn about adolescents' experiences? Implications for parental knowledge and adolescent risky behavior. Child Development, 76, 869-882.
- Crouter, A. C., & Booth, A. (Eds.) (2005). Romance and sex in adolescence and emerging adulthood: Risks and opportunities. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
- Booth, A., & Crouter, A.C. (Eds.) (2005). The new population problem: Why families in developed counties are shrinking and what it means. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
- Bumpus, M.F., Crouter, A.C., & McHale, S.M. (2006). Linkages between negative work-to-family spillover and mothers and fathers knowledge of their young adolescents’daily lives. Journal of Early Adolescence, 26, 36-59.
- Crouter, A.C. (2006). Mothers and fathers at work: Implications for families and children. Chapter in A. Clarke-Stewart & J. Dunn (Eds.) Families count: Effects on child and adolescent development. NY: Cambridge University Press.
- Crouter, A. C., & Pirretti, A. E. (2006). Longitudinal research on work and family issues. Chapter inM. Pitt-Catsouphes, E.E. Kossek, & S. Sweet (Eds.). The Work and Family Handbook: Multi-Disciplinary Perspectives and Approaches, Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
- Crouter, A. C., Davis, K. D., Updegraff, K. A., Delgado, M., & Fortner, M. (in press). Mexican American fathers’ occupational conditions: Links to family members’ psychological adjustment. Journal of Marriage and Family.
- Crouter, A. C., Lanza, S., Pirretti, A., Goodman, W. B., Neebe, E. (in press). The O*Net jobs classification system: A primer for family researchers. Family Relations.
- Davis, K. D., Crouter, A. C., & McHale, S. M. (in press). Implications of shift work for parent-adolescent relationships in dual-earner families. Family Relations.
- Kim, J. McHale, S. M., Osgood, D. W. & Crouter, A. C. (in press). Longitudinal course and family correlates of sibling relationships from childhood through adolescence. Child Development.
- McHale, S. M., Crouter, A.C., Kim, J., Burton, L. M., Davis, K., Dotterer, A., & Swanson, D. (in press). Mothers’ and fathers’ racial socialization in African American families: Links with parental warmth and implications for youth. Child Development.
- McHale, S.M., Whiteman, S.D., Kim, J., & Crouter, A.C. (in press). Characteristics and correlates of sibling relationships in two-parent African American families. Journal of Family Psychology.
- Mulvaney, R. H., O’Neill, J.W., Cleveland, J.N., & Crouter, A.C. (in press). A model of work-family dynamics for hotel managers. Annals of Tourism.
- Shanahan, L., Kim, J., McHale, S. M., & Crouter, A. C. (in press). Sibling similarities and differences in time use: A pattern-analytic, within-family approach. Social Development.
- Updegraff, K.A., McHale, S.M., Whiteman, S.D., Thayer, S., Crouter, A. C. (in press). The nature and correlates of Mexican American adolescents’ time with parents and peers. Child Development.
- Whiteman, S. D., McHale, S. M., & Crouter, A. C. (In press). Explaining sibling similarities: Perceptions of sibling influences. Journal of Youth and Adolescence.
