Bruce D. Hale
Ph.D., 1981, The Pennsylvania State University
Associate Professor of Kinesiology, Penn State Berks-Lehigh Valley College
Contact Information
PO Box 7009
Tulpehocken Road
Reading PA 19610
(610) 396-6156
Fax: (610) 396-6155
Research Interests
Imagery and performance, anxiety and performance, exercise dependence, individual difference in athletes, psychophysiology, measurement of psychological variables.
Teaching Interests
Sport and exercise psychology, research methods, stress management, activities
Selected Publications
Hale, B., & Whitehouse, A. (1998). The Effects of Imagery-Manipulated Appraisal on Intensity and Direction of Competitive Anxiety. The Sport Psychologist, 12, 40-51.
Hale, B.D., James, B., Stambulova, N., & Collins, D. (1999). A Cross Cultural Analysis of the Dimensions of the Athletic Identity Measurement Scale: A Herculean Undertaking. International Journal of Sport Psychology, 30,83-100.
Smith, D., Hale, B., & Collins, D. (1998). Measurement of Exercise Dependence in Body Builders. Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness, 38, 1-9.
Hale, B.D., Danish, S. J. (1999). Putting the accreditation cart before the AAASP horse: A response to Silva, Conroy, and Zizzi. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 11,181-188.
Hurst, R., Hale, B. D, & Smith, D. (2000). Exercise dependence in bodybuilders and weight lifters. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 11, 319-325.
Smith, D., & Hale, B. D. (2004). Validity and factor structure of the Bodybuilding Dependence Scale. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 38, 177-181.
Hale, B. D., Holmes, P., Smith, D., Fowler, N., & Collins, D. (2003). Give those men a cigar (but no match!): A reply to Slade, Landers, and Martin. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 25, 402-409.
Professional Experience:
1981-1993: Academic-Athletic Counselor, Adjunct Assistant Professor in Kinesiology, Penn State University
1993-1998: Principal Lecturer, Staffordshire University (UK), Sport, Health and Exercise
1998-2003: Director, Academic Support Services for Student-Athletes, University of Maine, Orono, Adjunct Associate Professor of Psychology
2003-Present: Associate Professor of Kinesiology, Penn State - Berks